Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Self-actualization – includes morality, creativity, problem solving, etc.
• Esteem – includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc.
• Belongingness – includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc.
• Safety – includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc.

Self-Determination Theory (by Deci & Ryan)

n SDT, Deci and Ryan (1985) proposed that we all have three fundamental psychological needs that are critical for motivation:

 autonomy (a sense of control over our lives), 

relatedness (connecting with others and experiencing a sense of belonging),  

competence (feeling capable in our interactions with the world). They argue that our levels of motivation are shaped by the extent to which we satisfy these fundamental needs.

Overview of the Model

The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983; Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992) is an integrative, biopsychosocial model to conceptualize the process of intentional behaviour change. Whereas other models of behaviour change focus exclusively on certain dimensions of change (e.g. theories focusing mainly on social or biological influences), the TTM seeks to include and integrate key constructs from other theories into a comprehensive theory of change that can be applied to a variety of behaviours, populations, and settings—hence, the name Transtheoretical.